diff --git a/atom.xml b/atom.xml
index c7622b429f6..5ff5b728a57 100644
--- a/atom.xml
+++ b/atom.xml
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
     <title><![CDATA[Doctrine]]></title>
     <link href="https://www.doctrine-project.org/atom.xml" rel="self" />
     <link href="https://www.doctrine-project.org/" />
-    <updated>2024-02-16T19:54:50-05:00</updated>
+    <updated>2024-02-17T19:58:44-05:00</updated>
     <id>https://www.doctrine-project.org/</id>
 
             <entry>
diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index a8bfe5fa19f..1c98727a800 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -217,7 +217,7 @@ <h1 class="display-4">Doctrine</h1>
                     <i class="fas fa-download text-dark mr-2"></i>
                 </td>
                 <td>
-                    <p>Doctrine has been downloaded a total of <strong>4,883,815,752</strong> times!</p>
+                    <p>Doctrine has been downloaded a total of <strong>4,885,750,146</strong> times!</p>
                 </td>
             </tr>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/annotations.html b/projects/annotations.html
index 7afee9b7949..f8a43165420 100644
--- a/projects/annotations.html
+++ b/projects/annotations.html
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Dependents</th>
-                    <td>2,332</td>
+                    <td>2,333</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Suggesters</th>
@@ -442,15 +442,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>394,543,346</td>
+                    <td>394,648,115</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>6,754,407</td>
+                    <td>6,315,987</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>288,061</td>
+                    <td>69,082</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/cache.html b/projects/cache.html
index 7cf37670320..fb2da777397 100644
--- a/projects/cache.html
+++ b/projects/cache.html
@@ -451,15 +451,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>423,780,574</td>
+                    <td>424,068,238</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>7,774,753</td>
+                    <td>7,725,690</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>287,218</td>
+                    <td>212,029</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/coding-standard.html b/projects/coding-standard.html
index 7a43cd15792..2888792251f 100644
--- a/projects/coding-standard.html
+++ b/projects/coding-standard.html
@@ -433,15 +433,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>6,801,875</td>
+                    <td>6,805,246</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>213,559</td>
+                    <td>208,324</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>10,914</td>
+                    <td>4,376</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/collections.html b/projects/collections.html
index 300642ea018..37bee33b117 100644
--- a/projects/collections.html
+++ b/projects/collections.html
@@ -364,7 +364,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
             <tbody>
                 <tr>
                     <th>GitHub Stars</th>
-                    <td>5,814</td>
+                    <td>5,816</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>GitHub Watchers</th>
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Dependents</th>
-                    <td>1,037</td>
+                    <td>1,036</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Suggesters</th>
@@ -388,15 +388,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>284,129,642</td>
+                    <td>284,205,325</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>4,827,146</td>
+                    <td>4,694,394</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>213,900</td>
+                    <td>100,182</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/common.html b/projects/common.html
index 9bba37520cc..199c326c9a4 100644
--- a/projects/common.html
+++ b/projects/common.html
@@ -462,15 +462,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>262,236,635</td>
+                    <td>262,314,093</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>4,323,493</td>
+                    <td>4,053,056</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>190,072</td>
+                    <td>42,252</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/couchdb-client.html b/projects/couchdb-client.html
index b2797711c48..c2d43fc4745 100644
--- a/projects/couchdb-client.html
+++ b/projects/couchdb-client.html
@@ -303,15 +303,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>722,144</td>
+                    <td>722,319</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>5,062</td>
+                    <td>4,953</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>134</td>
+                    <td>175</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/couchdb-odm.html b/projects/couchdb-odm.html
index 989ad326003..caad4220da1 100644
--- a/projects/couchdb-odm.html
+++ b/projects/couchdb-odm.html
@@ -293,15 +293,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>65,557</td>
+                    <td>65,558</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>370</td>
+                    <td>363</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>14</td>
+                    <td>1</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/data-fixtures.html b/projects/data-fixtures.html
index 88a2f5c9468..2e7ce402e10 100644
--- a/projects/data-fixtures.html
+++ b/projects/data-fixtures.html
@@ -356,15 +356,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>89,589,872</td>
+                    <td>89,604,357</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>1,672,274</td>
+                    <td>1,624,859</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>66,354</td>
+                    <td>15,013</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/dbal.html b/projects/dbal.html
index 2f009e6085c..739cf44a144 100644
--- a/projects/dbal.html
+++ b/projects/dbal.html
@@ -547,7 +547,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Dependents</th>
-                    <td>5,395</td>
+                    <td>5,392</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Suggesters</th>
@@ -555,15 +555,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>380,126,029</td>
+                    <td>380,450,979</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>7,650,361</td>
+                    <td>7,657,021</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>290,572</td>
+                    <td>140,778</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.10/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.10/metas.php
index b38091c04c5..e8a83ec807e 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.11/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.11/metas.php
index b9f5f187924..7ca6b5d66a3 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.12/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.12/metas.php
index 425203cdf90..486f4ea8800 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.13/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.13/metas.php
index 0747b48a0cb..78e568f6615 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.14/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.14/metas.php
index c6bbd433f26..78e568f6615 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.6/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.6/metas.php
index f0ac02837f0..752bd005e21 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.7/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.7/metas.php
index f0ac02837f0..752bd005e21 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.8/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.8/metas.php
index f0ac02837f0..752bd005e21 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.9/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/1.9/metas.php
index f0ac02837f0..752bd005e21 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/2.0/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-annotations/en/2.0/metas.php
index 39b3e777124..baaaf666838 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-bundle.html b/projects/doctrine-bundle.html
index 14d0ddcc23e..e507b5c0386 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-bundle.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-bundle.html
@@ -539,23 +539,23 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Dependents</th>
-                    <td>3,427</td>
+                    <td>3,429</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Suggesters</th>
-                    <td>210</td>
+                    <td>211</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>160,076,875</td>
+                    <td>160,114,291</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>3,147,782</td>
+                    <td>2,948,495</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>135,728</td>
+                    <td>31,497</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/1.1/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/1.1/metas.php
index 1b47bbc3e6c..ef464ba0067 100644
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index c5052e06273..a8b303a55a5 100644
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index 95da116a257..58029bb960b 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/1.2/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/1.2/metas.php
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index a0214dcdbce..ef1302bacaa 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/2.9/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/2.9/metas.php
index 1e349e5cf4a..4d7b596f5f4 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/latest/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-bundle/en/latest/metas.php
index 1e349e5cf4a..0e2109cb6fe 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle.html b/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle.html
index 1b4effbb930..9af8fea7484 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle.html
@@ -305,15 +305,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>77,643,251</td>
+                    <td>77,645,972</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Monthly Downloads</th>
-                    <td>348,550</td>
+                    <td>338,100</td>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Daily Downloads</th>
-                    <td>13,650</td>
+                    <td>2,791</td>
                 </tr>
             </tbody>
         </table>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle/en/1.2/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle/en/1.2/metas.php
index 95a442bbe93..3e26d4a9d9b 100644
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle/en/1.3/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-cache-bundle/en/1.3/metas.php
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-laminas-hydrator.html b/projects/doctrine-laminas-hydrator.html
index 2a8420f3d7a..484c2ba7f83 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-laminas-hydrator.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-laminas-hydrator.html
@@ -359,15 +359,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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-                    <td>1,236,184</td>
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index 15bff1ff937..a0d2772cb26 100644
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@@ -386,7 +386,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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@@ -394,15 +394,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index e4bdcb9757b..48174602540 100644
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@@ -453,15 +453,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
                     <th>Total Downloads</th>
-                    <td>6,160,554</td>
+                    <td>6,161,145</td>
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@@ -402,15 +402,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
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-                    <td>567,310</td>
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 as you want, or just pick a preferred one.</p>
 <div class="alert note-admonition bg-light-yellow text-dark border"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="10" class="align-top"><i class="fas fa-sticky-note text-primary mr-2"></i></td><td><p>The <code>QueryBuilder</code> is not an abstraction of DQL, but merely a tool to dynamically build it.
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-More about this in the 0525384a69a1d6b3deb4664587fd4282710fc6ef.</p>
+More about this in the 300c848881508a41ddbe3e4addcfe2dfde9263e1.</p>
 </td></tr></table></div>
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" name="constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object"></a><h2 class="section-header"><a href="#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h2>
 <p>The same way you build a normal Query, you build a <code>QueryBuilder</code>
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 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="installation" name="installation"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#installation">Installation<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
index 11b5b4cceb6..8c72bfb4635 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#aggregate-fields">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html-custom-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html#custom-mapping-types">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
index d4a8ebf2f5e..ba6ddf6920c 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-persisting-the-decorator-pattern" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#persisting-the-decorator-pattern">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-extending-dql-in-doctrine-orm-custom-ast-walkers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#extending-dql-in-doctrine-orm-custom-ast-walkers">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
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--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-dql-user-defined-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#dql-user-defined-functions">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/entities-in-session.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-entities-in-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#entities-in-the-session">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
index 8cd4a706c9a..8d2effa8718 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li 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 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                             
                             
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects" name="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
-<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by Roman Borschel (roman@code-factory.org)</p></div>
+<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by <a href="mailto:roman@code-factory.org">Roman Borschel</a></p></div>
 <p>This recipe will show you how to implement ArrayAccess for your
 domain objects in order to allow more uniform access, for example
 in templates. In these examples we will implement ArrayAccess on a
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html
index 7e84edc51bb..63482b97b2a 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                             
                             
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy" name="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
-<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by Roman Borschel (roman@code-factory.org)</p></div>
+<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by <a href="mailto:roman@code-factory.org">Roman Borschel</a></p></div>
 <p>The NOTIFY change-tracking policy is the most effective
 change-tracking policy provided by Doctrine but it requires some
 boilerplate code. This recipe will show you how this boilerplate
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/mysql-enums.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
index 811bae78d28..07bf1268930 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-mysql-enums" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#mysql-enums">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a 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id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-keeping-your-modules-independent" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#keeping-your-modules-independent">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-sql-table-prefixes" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#sql-table-prefixes">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-strategy-pattern" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#strategy-pattern">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html-validation-of-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html#validation-of-entities">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-working-with-datetime-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#working-with-datetime-instances">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/index.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/index.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/index.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li 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class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a 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class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a 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id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-advanced-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-advanced-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/annotations-reference.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/annotations-reference.html
index 03106d6ae9b..63b39c64c9d 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/annotations-reference.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/annotations-reference.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-annotations-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#annotations-reference">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-annotations-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#annotations-reference">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/architecture.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/architecture.html
index 127e03659c4..d5dba221b01 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/architecture.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html-architecture" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html-architecture" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/association-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/association-mapping.html
index 59b8914ed2f..dbfbd550060 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/association-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/association-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-association-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#association-mapping">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-association-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#association-mapping">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/attributes-reference.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/attributes-reference.html
index b6ab0ba15da..d1e32da8228 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/attributes-reference.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributes-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributes-reference">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributes-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributes-reference">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache 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commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/basic-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/basic-mapping.html
index e36e8b1ec6b..0943c6d0e8b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/basic-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/basic-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-basic-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#basic-mapping">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-basic-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#basic-mapping">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/batch-processing.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/batch-processing.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/batch-processing.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-batch-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#batch-processing">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-batch-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#batch-processing">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/best-practices.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/best-practices.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/best-practices.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#best-practices">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#best-practices">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/caching.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/caching.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/caching.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#caching">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#caching">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/change-tracking-policies.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
index 009ad55bc16..7009d5bf8d8 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/configuration.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/configuration.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/configuration.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html-installation-and-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#installation-and-configuration">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html-installation-and-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#installation-and-configuration">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
index 26816a5cf81..28fdfa70685 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/events.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/events.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/events.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/faq.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/faq.html
index bfa7a190e52..7a603fba164 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/faq.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-frequently-asked-questions" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-frequently-asked-questions" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/filters.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/filters.html
index b77ebe6a4d9..47f1ef95a52 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/filters.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/filters.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#filters">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#filters">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/improving-performance.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/improving-performance.html
index 85ea56507c8..1ee63f11cf1 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/improving-performance.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html-improving-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#improving-performance">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html-improving-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#improving-performance">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/inheritance-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-inheritance-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#inheritance-mapping">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-inheritance-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#inheritance-mapping">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/installation.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/installation.html
index abddccd3a65..11afa0e347e 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/installation.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/installation.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                                 </div>
                             
                             
+<p>:orphan:</p>
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="installation" name="installation"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#installation">Installation<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
 <p>The installation chapter has moved to <a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a>.</p>
 
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
index 01401ba038c..c54ac0a53d1 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-limitations-and-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/metadata-drivers.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/metadata-drivers.html
index 1fe14a049f4..bbb32b90429 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/metadata-drivers.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/metadata-drivers.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#metadata-drivers">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#metadata-drivers">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/namingstrategy.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/namingstrategy.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-namingstrategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-namingstrategy">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-namingstrategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-namingstrategy">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/native-sql.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/native-sql.html
index bb8915021a2..3b6b7d1eb64 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/native-sql.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/native-sql.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-native-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#native-sql">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-native-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#native-sql">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/partial-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/partial-objects.html
index a8300c7084c..68ed0429ed0 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/partial-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#partial-objects">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#partial-objects">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache 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commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/php-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/php-mapping.html
index cfbfaef1aae..6491342d488 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/php-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/php-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html-php-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-mapping">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced 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href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html-php-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-mapping">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/query-builder.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/query-builder.html
index 64ec78ea85e..e4bada23d6d 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/query-builder.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-querybuilder">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-querybuilder">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/second-level-cache.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/second-level-cache.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-the-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#the-second-level-cache">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-the-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#the-second-level-cache">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html-security" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#security">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html-security" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#security">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/tools.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/tools.html
index 8dae5c215d9..f0641a74198 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/tools.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-tools" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#tools">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-tools" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#tools">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transactions-and-concurrency" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transactions-and-concurrency">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transactions-and-concurrency" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transactions-and-concurrency">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/typedfieldmapper.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
index f345d3a7a86..1caebbde029 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
index 6f45ee76cf3..7ebab7c6f5e 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork.html
index 891777fcfae..42fe7bba859 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/unitofwork.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html-doctrine-internals-explained" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#doctrine-internals-explained">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html-doctrine-internals-explained" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#doctrine-internals-explained">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-associations.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-working-with-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#working-with-associations">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-working-with-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#working-with-associations">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-objects.html
index 16ba9a00d6e..0b7eb41aaf6 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-objects.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/working-with-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-working-with-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#working-with-objects">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-working-with-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#working-with-objects">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/xml-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/xml-mapping.html
index 79ad5118ffc..a80d2fed9db 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/xml-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-mapping">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-mapping">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/yaml-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/yaml-mapping.html
index 20c39dea435..b9059a59074 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/yaml-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/reference/yaml-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-yaml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#yaml-mapping">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced 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href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-yaml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#yaml-mapping">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a 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class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
index 0ac3c426931..0b6b1b9ee55 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-composite-and-foreign-keys-as-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#composite-and-foreign-keys-as-primary-key">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/embeddables.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/embeddables.html
index b750bab1b92..900dbd0f418 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/embeddables.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/embeddables.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-separating-concerns-using-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#separating-concerns-using-embeddables">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
index c0c10bf977b..36fb110708d 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#extra-lazy-associations">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-database.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
index b52c55ba02c..284092a7e70 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html-getting-started-database-first" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html#getting-started-database-first">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-models.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
index 97dfb5e138a..b580e6e3c25 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html-getting-started-model-first" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html#getting-started-model-first">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started.html
index c3d09a10cf9..97780368ff3 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/getting-started.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html-getting-started-with-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#getting-started-with-doctrine">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/ordered-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
index 979cdb414fc..ff04aeaff5f 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html-ordering-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html#ordering-to-many-associations">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
index e7ee094808e..0048aa6f39a 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html#override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/pagination.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/pagination.html
index 74492e724dc..3138b5df5de 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/pagination.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/pagination.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
index 322157bae34..883f9fa2a10 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.18/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-working-with-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#working-with-indexed-associations">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html
index c97ef2b6e2c..260931de80b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
index 0c12a3cd64a..9fd0afdbb48 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#aggregate-fields">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
index 00c011d0a69..1c5aee27629 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html-custom-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html#custom-mapping-types">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
index 8fea1c1c3b5..39d18f29392 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li 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class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li 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href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-persisting-the-decorator-pattern" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#persisting-the-decorator-pattern">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html
index 5cee9b8f4f3..3dd6518df77 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li 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class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li 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href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-extending-dql-in-doctrine-orm-custom-ast-walkers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#extending-dql-in-doctrine-orm-custom-ast-walkers">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
index c0109d174a5..d6c8fbdcd3b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-dql-user-defined-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#dql-user-defined-functions">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/entities-in-session.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
index 9b55ea45e71..62edc49b15e 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-entities-in-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#entities-in-the-session">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
index e2d53eac235..62882167eec 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                             
                             
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects" name="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
-<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by Roman Borschel (roman@code-factory.org)</p></div>
+<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by <a href="mailto:roman@code-factory.org">Roman Borschel</a></p></div>
 <p>This recipe will show you how to implement ArrayAccess for your
 domain objects in order to allow more uniform access, for example
 in templates. In these examples we will implement ArrayAccess on a
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html
index c940bd8954f..5b7bca29fe6 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -345,7 +345,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                             
                             
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy" name="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
-<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by Roman Borschel (roman@code-factory.org)</p></div>
+<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by <a href="mailto:roman@code-factory.org">Roman Borschel</a></p></div>
 <p>The NOTIFY change-tracking policy is the most effective
 change-tracking policy provided by Doctrine but it requires some
 boilerplate code. This recipe will show you how this boilerplate
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/mysql-enums.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
index 4ab7eda4e04..60cd6eab649 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-mysql-enums" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#mysql-enums">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
index ad748be55ca..0d766cbc597 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-keeping-your-modules-independent" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#keeping-your-modules-independent">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html
index 2b0fa9e4a66..389ae962910 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-sql-table-prefixes" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#sql-table-prefixes">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-strategy-pattern" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#strategy-pattern">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html
index e5ca4a7c1c8..3c3828e1d3d 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html-validation-of-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html#validation-of-entities">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html
index d195bb5116a..d91cc2f78d2 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-working-with-datetime-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#working-with-datetime-instances">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/index.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/index.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li 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href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/metas.php b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/metas.php
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diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/advanced-configuration.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/advanced-configuration.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/advanced-configuration.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-advanced-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-advanced-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/annotations-reference.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/annotations-reference.html
index db77a6c3295..e9ccd8239ae 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/annotations-reference.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/annotations-reference.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-annotations-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#annotations-reference">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-annotations-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#annotations-reference">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache 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commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/architecture.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/architecture.html
index 11331762c1c..9fcfca7980b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/architecture.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/architecture.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html-architecture" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html-architecture" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/association-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/association-mapping.html
index 8e1a7f4d1b5..44931bc8d8a 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/association-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-association-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#association-mapping">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-association-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#association-mapping">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/attributes-reference.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/attributes-reference.html
index 8bb41127e26..ce93ab41ac3 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/attributes-reference.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/attributes-reference.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributes-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributes-reference">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributes-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributes-reference">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/basic-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/basic-mapping.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/basic-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-basic-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#basic-mapping">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-basic-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#basic-mapping">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/batch-processing.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/batch-processing.html
index 8abc6bc3686..0827dd0f146 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/batch-processing.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/batch-processing.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-batch-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#batch-processing">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-batch-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#batch-processing">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#best-practices">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#best-practices">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/caching.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/caching.html
index 4f6837c4528..73fd9380d9f 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/caching.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/caching.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#caching">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#caching">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/change-tracking-policies.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache 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commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/configuration.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/configuration.html
index 45edb764c8a..b9adce32d3c 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/configuration.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/configuration.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html-installation-and-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#installation-and-configuration">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html-installation-and-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#installation-and-configuration">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
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--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/events.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/events.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/events.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-frequently-asked-questions" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-frequently-asked-questions" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/filters.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/filters.html
index 7560ce6fafd..bba3a3f8aea 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/filters.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/filters.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine 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href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced 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href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#filters">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html-improving-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#improving-performance">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html-improving-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#improving-performance">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li 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commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/inheritance-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
index 53f93344010..29a93c6a0e3 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-inheritance-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#inheritance-mapping">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-inheritance-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#inheritance-mapping">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/installation.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/installation.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -344,6 +344,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                                 </div>
                             
                             
+<p>:orphan:</p>
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="installation" name="installation"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#installation">Installation<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
 <p>The installation chapter has moved to <a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a>.</p>
 
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
index 9c2d54dc7c4..684732ad08c 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-limitations-and-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-limitations-and-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/metadata-drivers.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/metadata-drivers.html
index 10ad332f997..884854af4a0 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/metadata-drivers.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#metadata-drivers">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#metadata-drivers">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/namingstrategy.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/namingstrategy.html
index ed753f42c3e..63df16de0dc 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/namingstrategy.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/namingstrategy.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-namingstrategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-namingstrategy">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-namingstrategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-namingstrategy">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/native-sql.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/native-sql.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/native-sql.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-native-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#native-sql">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-native-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#native-sql">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache 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commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/partial-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/partial-objects.html
index 73cb62efe05..5b03f22f4b7 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/partial-objects.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/partial-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#partial-objects">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#partial-objects">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/php-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/php-mapping.html
index bb39e88df8b..0e87f5bda13 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/php-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/php-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html-php-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-mapping">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html-php-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-mapping">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/query-builder.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/query-builder.html
index 0f45f1932d5..97e44969e56 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/query-builder.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/query-builder.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-querybuilder">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-querybuilder">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-the-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#the-second-level-cache">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-the-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#the-second-level-cache">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/security.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/security.html
index 03dfe29ae23..4a7c54ec4fa 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/security.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/security.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html-security" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#security">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html-security" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#security">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-tools" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#tools">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-tools" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#tools">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
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--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transactions-and-concurrency" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transactions-and-concurrency">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transactions-and-concurrency" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transactions-and-concurrency">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced 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href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a 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href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/typedfieldmapper.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
index b9795ac062f..6b287420905 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced 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href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork.html
index ba3720fe301..dbd2df78258 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/unitofwork.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html-doctrine-internals-explained" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#doctrine-internals-explained">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html-doctrine-internals-explained" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#doctrine-internals-explained">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/working-with-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/working-with-associations.html
index ab9d03f6b77..ecdbba1d160 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/working-with-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/working-with-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-working-with-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#working-with-associations">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-working-with-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#working-with-associations">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/working-with-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/working-with-objects.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-working-with-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#working-with-objects">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-working-with-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#working-with-objects">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/xml-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/xml-mapping.html
index 1f10a70242e..8aef2d7fcd5 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/xml-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/xml-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-mapping">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-mapping">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li 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class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache 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href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a 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id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/yaml-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/yaml-mapping.html
index 7dcce9ad503..19938abeaec 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/reference/yaml-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-yaml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#yaml-mapping">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-yaml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#yaml-mapping">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/sidebar.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/sidebar.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/sidebar.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -349,7 +349,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
index 7ff181537b3..40fbd7cf559 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-composite-and-foreign-keys-as-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#composite-and-foreign-keys-as-primary-key">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/embeddables.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/embeddables.html
index 0d16881f743..58ff8deff88 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/embeddables.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/embeddables.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-separating-concerns-using-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#separating-concerns-using-embeddables">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
index 58231a469cf..18e3530a6f7 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#extra-lazy-associations">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-database.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
index 9686dd06e29..9feed1970a0 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html-getting-started-database-first" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html#getting-started-database-first">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-models.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
index 5f0f5cc6a6c..e5f4676ec9a 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html-getting-started-model-first" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html#getting-started-model-first">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/getting-started.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html-getting-started-with-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#getting-started-with-doctrine">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/ordered-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
index 99dd744c8cd..99a40d02103 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html-ordering-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html#ordering-to-many-associations">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
index a019a6467a7..23a6a7a0788 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html#override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/pagination.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/pagination.html
index 568c8d3974d..195d11c47c5 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/pagination.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/pagination.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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(***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
index 0e02291f01e..b510d57f682 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/2.19/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-working-with-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#working-with-indexed-associations">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-entity-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#entity-generation">Entity Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-convert-mapping-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#convert-mapping-information">Convert Mapping Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-reverse-engineering" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#reverse-engineering">Reverse Engineering</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-merging-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#merging-entities">Merging entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the 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id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-named-native-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#named-native-query">Named Native Query</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-notify" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#notify">Notify</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html">Partial Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-what-is-the-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#what-is-the-problem">What is the problem?</a></li><li id="reference-partial-objects-html-when-should-i-force-partial-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/partial-objects.html#when-should-i-force-partial-objects">When should I force partial objects?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html">Annotations Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#column">@Column</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-columnresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#columnresult">@ColumnResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#cache">@Cache</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">@ChangeTrackingPolicy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#customidgenerator">@CustomIdGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">@DiscriminatorColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#discriminatormap">@DiscriminatorMap</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embeddable">@Embeddable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#embedded">@Embedded</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entity">@Entity</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-entityresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#entityresult">@EntityResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-fieldresult" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#fieldresult">@FieldResult</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#generatedvalue">@GeneratedValue</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">@HasLifecycleCallbacks</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#index">@Index</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#id">@Id</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#inheritancetype">@InheritanceType</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumn">@JoinColumn</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-joincolumns" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#joincolumns">@JoinColumns</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#jointable">@JoinTable</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytoone">@ManyToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#manytomany">@ManyToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">@MappedSuperclass</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-namednativequery" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#namednativequery">@NamedNativeQuery</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetoone">@OneToOne</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#onetomany">@OneToMany</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#orderby">@OrderBy</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postload">@PostLoad</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postpersist">@PostPersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postremove">@PostRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#postupdate">@PostUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#prepersist">@PrePersist</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preremove">@PreRemove</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#preupdate">@PreUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sequencegenerator">@SequenceGenerator</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-sqlresultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#sqlresultsetmapping">@SqlResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#table">@Table</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">@UniqueConstraint</a></li><li id="reference-annotations-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/annotations-reference.html#version">@Version</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html">YAML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-simplified-yaml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#simplified-yaml-driver">Simplified YAML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-yaml-mapping-html-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/yaml-mapping.html#unique-constraints">Unique Constraints</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-php-files" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#php-files">PHP Files</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#cascade-merge-with-bi-directional-associations">Cascade Merge with Bi-directional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html">Implementing the Notify ChangeTracking Policy</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy-html-implementing-notifypropertychanged" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-the-notify-changetracking-policy.html#implementing-notifypropertychanged">Implementing NotifyPropertyChanged</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
index e1f47f5bedf..cc7ef031988 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/aggregate-fields.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction 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href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#aggregate-fields">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html-custom-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html#custom-mapping-types">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
index bb72ad1b609..021278f3b1b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/decorator-pattern.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-persisting-the-decorator-pattern" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#persisting-the-decorator-pattern">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html
index a38f4a439ee..9dbed741ea1 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li 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href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li 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id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse 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class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-extending-dql-in-doctrine-orm-custom-ast-walkers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#extending-dql-in-doctrine-orm-custom-ast-walkers">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-dql-user-defined-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#dql-user-defined-functions">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/entities-in-session.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/entities-in-session.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction 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href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-entities-in-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#entities-in-the-session">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                             
                             
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects" name="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
-<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by Roman Borschel (roman@code-factory.org)</p></div>
+<div class="alert section-author bg-light text-dark border"><p class="author font-weight-bold"><i class="fas fa-pencil-alt"></i> Written by <a href="mailto:roman@code-factory.org">Roman Borschel</a></p></div>
 <p>This recipe will show you how to implement ArrayAccess for your
 domain objects in order to allow more uniform access, for example
 in templates. In these examples we will implement ArrayAccess on a
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/mysql-enums.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
index 54164c449fe..b9c28321457 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/mysql-enums.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-mysql-enums" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#mysql-enums">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
index 91b6706e3f0..5f6c3a4c6cd 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a 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id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-keeping-your-modules-independent" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#keeping-your-modules-independent">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html
index 8734c49ffaa..c1d07732729 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-sql-table-prefixes" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#sql-table-prefixes">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html
index f03748b19d8..346c7a92ef4 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-strategy-pattern" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#strategy-pattern">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/validation-of-entities.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" 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id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html-validation-of-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html#validation-of-entities">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/cookbook/working-with-datetime.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-working-with-datetime-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#working-with-datetime-instances">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/index.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/index.html
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" 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href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-advanced-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li 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href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-advanced-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#advanced-configuration">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/architecture.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/architecture.html
index b9b72658954..12c96fbb191 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/architecture.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html-architecture" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html-architecture" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#architecture">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/association-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/association-mapping.html
index 9f3dd0b53e8..4716fc29e95 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/association-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/association-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-association-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#association-mapping">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache 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class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-association-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#association-mapping">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/attributes-reference.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/attributes-reference.html
index fccff6f902b..6a9a5c8fb83 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/attributes-reference.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/attributes-reference.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributes-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributes-reference">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributes-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributes-reference">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/basic-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/basic-mapping.html
index e9514fe5151..fe6cc8e27d1 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/basic-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/basic-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-basic-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#basic-mapping">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-basic-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#basic-mapping">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/batch-processing.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/batch-processing.html
index 6ef589c3898..02d2f94d379 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/batch-processing.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/batch-processing.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-batch-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#batch-processing">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-batch-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#batch-processing">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/best-practices.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/best-practices.html
index 9a2fbfd786e..eb97632fbfd 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/best-practices.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/best-practices.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#best-practices">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#best-practices">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/caching.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/caching.html
index 7f7587288d4..49635811997 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/caching.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/caching.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#caching">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#caching">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/change-tracking-policies.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
index 58c1de1a7ff..710f84ff47b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/change-tracking-policies.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/configuration.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html-installation-and-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#installation-and-configuration">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html-installation-and-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#installation-and-configuration">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
index ed18c9f06e0..27a11e7b5ae 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/events.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/events.html
index 6857e0fd85c..6a5aa3038bb 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/events.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/events.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/faq.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/faq.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/faq.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-frequently-asked-questions" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-frequently-asked-questions" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#frequently-asked-questions">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/filters.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/filters.html
index 88b0974770d..cfc96145a75 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/filters.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" 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href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#filters">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#filters">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/improving-performance.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/improving-performance.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/improving-performance.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html-improving-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#improving-performance">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html-improving-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#improving-performance">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/inheritance-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
index 17bd439933e..023cf42de46 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/inheritance-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-inheritance-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#inheritance-mapping">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-inheritance-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#inheritance-mapping">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" 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href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li 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href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/installation.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/installation.html
index 9d6fef4e454..2e40867e1e6 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/installation.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/installation.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -334,6 +334,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
                                 </div>
                             
                             
+<p>:orphan:</p>
 <div class="section"><a class="section-anchor" id="installation" name="installation"></a><h1 class="section-header"><a href="#installation">Installation<i class="fas fa-link"></i></a></h1>
 <p>The installation chapter has moved to <a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a>.</p>
 
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
index ceea20757ee..e58ad6c9282 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-limitations-and-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-limitations-and-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#limitations-and-known-issues">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/metadata-drivers.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/metadata-drivers.html
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--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/metadata-drivers.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/metadata-drivers.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a 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Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#metadata-drivers">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/namingstrategy.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/namingstrategy.html
index 08306a485bc..e275b1700cc 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/namingstrategy.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/namingstrategy.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-namingstrategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-namingstrategy">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-namingstrategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-namingstrategy">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/native-sql.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/native-sql.html
index 0643e7fb772..5272846c16b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/native-sql.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/native-sql.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-native-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#native-sql">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html-native-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#native-sql">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/php-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/php-mapping.html
index 55a87131aa1..fc14af827a1 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/php-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/php-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html-php-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-mapping">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html-php-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#php-mapping">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/query-builder.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/query-builder.html
index 379c8167635..6cdd65f1476 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/query-builder.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/query-builder.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-querybuilder">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-querybuilder">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/second-level-cache.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/second-level-cache.html
index 972c4d4ee3c..6d758122675 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/second-level-cache.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/second-level-cache.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-the-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#the-second-level-cache">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-the-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#the-second-level-cache">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/security.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html-security" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#security">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html-security" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#security">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/tools.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-tools" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#tools">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-tools" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#tools">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transactions-and-concurrency" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transactions-and-concurrency">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transactions-and-concurrency" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transactions-and-concurrency">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/typedfieldmapper.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/typedfieldmapper.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" 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href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
index 529effcffcc..0e8f7f2bd07 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#association-updates-owning-side-and-inverse-side">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork.html
index f58bef226e1..d4fdd2be022 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/unitofwork.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html-doctrine-internals-explained" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#doctrine-internals-explained">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html-doctrine-internals-explained" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#doctrine-internals-explained">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-associations.html
index ee862ce73c1..569b52b4ab7 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-working-with-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#working-with-associations">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li 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Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-working-with-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#working-with-associations">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-objects.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-objects.html
index 06dab9b8fa2..36fee1e4c74 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-objects.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/working-with-objects.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-working-with-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#working-with-objects">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a 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id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom 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href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-working-with-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#working-with-objects">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/xml-mapping.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/xml-mapping.html
index 11e9baae848..6d1497be958 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/xml-mapping.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/reference/xml-mapping.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-mapping">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-mapping">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/sidebar.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/sidebar.html
index f4b43e8df19..b042a94504d 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/sidebar.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/sidebar.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
@@ -339,7 +339,7 @@ <h6 class="dropdown-header">Unmaintained</h6>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="tutorials-getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="tutorials-extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="tutorials-composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="tutorials-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="tutorials-embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="tutorials-pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="tutorials/pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li 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id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy 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href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a 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href="reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li 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usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
index 7b79fa48b11..fa72dd86e8b 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/composite-primary-keys.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-composite-and-foreign-keys-as-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#composite-and-foreign-keys-as-primary-key">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/embeddables.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/embeddables.html
index e4a027bf07d..17343b58fc3 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/embeddables.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/embeddables.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-separating-concerns-using-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#separating-concerns-using-embeddables">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the 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href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
index 2c3f3478132..7de82c3ad4e 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/extra-lazy-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#extra-lazy-associations">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-database.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
index 09e49a48f0b..28754d6516f 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-database.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html-getting-started-database-first" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html#getting-started-database-first">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-models.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
index 9f688e338d9..95d53e75b51 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started-models.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html-getting-started-model-first" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html#getting-started-model-first">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction 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href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li 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href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li 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href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started.html
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/getting-started.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html-getting-started-with-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#getting-started-with-doctrine">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/ordered-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
index be448eb7e9f..cea4181358a 100644
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+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/ordered-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html-ordering-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html#ordering-to-many-associations">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a 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href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li 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href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html
index 9b3ba6ff4f2..7eb701332ae 100644
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@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html-override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html#override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/pagination.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/pagination.html
index 32b1ae43a27..1af3c101dc9 100644
--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/pagination.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/pagination.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html#pagination">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
diff --git a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
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--- a/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
+++ b/projects/doctrine-orm/en/3.0/tutorials/working-with-indexed-associations.html
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="getting-started-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html">Getting Started with Doctrine</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-guide-assumptions" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#guide-assumptions">Guide Assumptions</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-what-is-doctrine" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-is-doctrine">What is Doctrine?</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-what-are-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#what-are-entities">What are Entities?</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-an-example-model-bug-tracker" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#an-example-model-bug-tracker">An Example Model: Bug Tracker</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-project-setup" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#project-setup">Project Setup</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-obtaining-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#obtaining-the-entitymanager">Obtaining the EntityManager</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-generating-the-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#generating-the-database-schema">Generating the Database Schema</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-starting-with-the-product-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#starting-with-the-product-entity">Starting with the Product Entity</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-adding-behavior-to-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-behavior-to-entities">Adding behavior to Entities</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-adding-bug-and-user-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#adding-bug-and-user-entities">Adding Bug and User Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-implementing-more-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#implementing-more-requirements">Implementing more Requirements</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-queries-for-application-use-cases" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#queries-for-application-use-cases">Queries for Application Use-Cases</a><ul><li id="getting-started-html-list-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#list-of-bugs">List of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-array-hydration-of-the-bug-list" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#array-hydration-of-the-bug-list">Array Hydration of the Bug List</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-find-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#find-by-primary-key">Find by Primary Key</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-html-dashboard-of-the-user" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#dashboard-of-the-user">Dashboard of the User</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-number-of-bugs" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#number-of-bugs">Number of Bugs</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-updating-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#updating-entities">Updating Entities</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-entity-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#entity-repositories">Entity Repositories</a></li><li id="getting-started-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="getting-started-database-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-database.html">Getting Started: Database First</a></li><li id="getting-started-models-html" class="toc-item"><a href="getting-started-models.html">Getting Started: Model First</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-working-with-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#working-with-indexed-associations">Working with Indexed Associations</a><ul><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-mapping-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#mapping-indexed-associations">Mapping Indexed Associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-querying-indexed-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#querying-indexed-associations">Querying indexed associations</a></li><li id="working-with-indexed-associations-html-outlook-into-the-future" class="toc-item"><a href="working-with-indexed-associations.html#outlook-into-the-future">Outlook into the Future</a></li></ul></li><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html">Extra Lazy Associations</a><ul><li id="extra-lazy-associations-html-enabling-extra-lazy-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="extra-lazy-associations.html#enabling-extra-lazy-associations">Enabling Extra-Lazy Associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html">Composite and Foreign Keys as Primary Key</a><ul><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-general-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#general-considerations">General Considerations</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-primitive-types-only" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#primitive-types-only">Primitive Types only</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-identity-through-foreign-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#identity-through-foreign-entities">Identity through foreign Entities</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-1-dynamic-attributes" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-1-dynamic-attributes">Use-Case 1: Dynamic Attributes</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-2-simple-derived-identity" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-2-simple-derived-identity">Use-Case 2: Simple Derived Identity</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#use-case-3-join-table-with-metadata">Use-Case 3: Join-Table with Metadata</a></li><li id="composite-primary-keys-html-performance-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="composite-primary-keys.html#performance-considerations">Performance Considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="ordered-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="ordered-associations.html">Ordering To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses-html" class="toc-item"><a href="override-field-association-mappings-in-subclasses.html">Override Field Association Mappings In Subclasses</a></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="embeddables-html" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html">Separating Concerns using Embeddables</a><ul><li id="embeddables-html-initializing-embeddables" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#initializing-embeddables">Initializing embeddables</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-column-prefixing" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#column-prefixing">Column Prefixing</a></li><li id="embeddables-html-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="embeddables.html#dql">DQL</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Reference</h2>
-<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
+<div class="toc"><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html">Architecture</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-using-an-object-relational-mapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#using-an-object-relational-mapper">Using an Object-Relational Mapper</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-requirements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#requirements">Requirements</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-doctrine-orm-packages" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#doctrine-orm-packages">Doctrine ORM Packages</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-collection-event-manager-and-persistence" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#collection-event-manager-and-persistence">Collection, Event Manager and Persistence</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-dbal-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-dbal-package">The DBAL Package</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-orm-package" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-orm-package">The ORM Package</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-terminology" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#terminology">Terminology</a><ul><li id="reference-architecture-html-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entities">Entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transient-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transient-classes">Transient Classes</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-entity-states" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#entity-states">Entity states</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-persistent-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#persistent-fields">Persistent fields</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-serializing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#serializing-entities">Serializing entities</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-entitymanager">The EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-transactional-write-behind" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#transactional-write-behind">Transactional write-behind</a></li><li id="reference-architecture-html-the-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/architecture.html#the-unit-of-work">The Unit of Work</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html">Installation and Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-configuration-html-class-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#class-loading">Class loading</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-obtaining-an-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#obtaining-an-entitymanager">Obtaining an EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-configuration-html-setting-up-the-commandline-tool" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/configuration.html#setting-up-the-commandline-tool">Setting up the Commandline Tool</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-database-schema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#database-schema">Database Schema</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-do-i-set-the-charset-and-collation-for-mysql-tables">How do I set the charset and collation for MySQL tables?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entity-classes">Entity Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-default-values-to-a-column">How can I add default values to a column?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#mapping">Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-do-i-get-exceptions-about-unique-constraint-failures-during-em-gt-flush">Why do I get exceptions about unique constraint failures during $em-&gt;flush()?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#associations">Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-wrong-when-i-get-an-invalidargumentexception-a-new-entity-was-found-through-the-relationship">What is wrong when I get an InvalidArgumentException "A new entity was found through the relationship.."?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-filter-an-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-filter-an-association">How can I filter an association?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#i-call-clear-on-a-one-to-many-collection-but-the-entities-are-not-deleted">I call clear() on a One-To-Many collection but the entities are not deleted</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-add-columns-to-a-many-to-many-table">How can I add columns to a many-to-many table?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#how-can-i-paginate-fetch-joined-collections">How can i paginate fetch-joined collections?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-pagination-not-work-correctly-with-fetch-joins">Why does pagination not work correctly with fetch joins?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#inheritance">Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-use-inheritance-with-doctrine-orm">Can I use Inheritance with Doctrine ORM?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-doctrine-not-create-proxy-objects-for-my-inheritance-hierarchy">Why does Doctrine not create proxy objects for my inheritance hierarchy?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-entitygenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#entitygenerator">EntityGenerator</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-do-x">Why does the EntityGenerator not do X?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-does-the-entitygenerator-not-generate-inheritance-correctly">Why does the EntityGenerator not generate inheritance correctly?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-performance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#performance">Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#why-is-an-extra-sql-query-executed-every-time-i-fetch-an-entity-with-a-one-to-one-relation">Why is an extra SQL query executed every time I fetch an entity with a one-to-one relation?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-doctrine-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#doctrine-query-language">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-faq-html-what-is-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#what-is-dql">What is DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#can-i-sort-by-a-function-for-example-order-by-rand-in-dql">Can I sort by a function (for example ORDER BY RAND()) in DQL?</a></li><li id="reference-faq-html-is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#is-it-better-to-write-dql-or-to-generate-it-with-the-query-builder">Is it better to write DQL or to generate it with the query builder?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-faq-html-a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/faq.html#a-query-fails-how-can-i-debug-it">A Query fails, how can I debug it?</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html">Basic Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-creating-classes-for-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#creating-classes-for-the-database">Creating Classes for the Database</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-property-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#property-mapping">Property Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-php-types-mapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#php-types-mapping">PHP Types Mapping</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-doctrine-mapping-types" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#doctrine-mapping-types">Doctrine Mapping Types</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-identifiers-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#identifiers-primary-keys">Identifiers / Primary Keys</a></li><li id="reference-basic-mapping-html-quoting-reserved-words" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/basic-mapping.html#quoting-reserved-words">Quoting Reserved Words</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html">Association Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-one-unidirectional">Many-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-unidirectional">One-To-One, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-bidirectional">One-To-One, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-one-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-one-self-referencing">One-To-One, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-bidirectional">One-To-Many, Bidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-unidirectional-with-join-table">One-To-Many, Unidirectional with Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-one-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#one-to-many-self-referencing">One-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-unidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-unidirectional">Many-To-Many, Unidirectional</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-bidirectional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-bidirectional">Many-To-Many, Bidirectional</a><ul><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#owning-and-inverse-side-on-a-manytomany-association">Owning and Inverse Side on a ManyToMany Association</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-many-to-many-self-referencing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#many-to-many-self-referencing">Many-To-Many, Self-referencing</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-mapping-defaults" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#mapping-defaults">Mapping Defaults</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#collections">Collections</a></li><li id="reference-association-mapping-html-initializing-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/association-mapping.html#initializing-collections">Initializing Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html">Inheritance Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-mapped-superclasses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#mapped-superclasses">Mapped Superclasses</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-entity-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#entity-inheritance">Entity Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact-on-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact-on-to-one-associations">Performance impact on to-one associations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-single-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#single-table-inheritance">Single Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-design-time-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#design-time-considerations">Design-time considerations</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-performance-impact" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#performance-impact">Performance impact</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-sql-schema-considerations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#sql-schema-considerations">SQL Schema considerations</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-overrides" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#overrides">Overrides</a><ul><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-association-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#association-override">Association Override</a></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-attribute-override" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#attribute-override">Attribute Override</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-inheritance-mapping-html-query-the-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/inheritance-mapping.html#query-the-type">Query the Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html">Working with Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entities-and-the-identity-map" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entities-and-the-identity-map">Entities and the Identity Map</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-object-graph-traversal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-object-graph-traversal">Entity Object Graph Traversal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-persisting-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#persisting-entities">Persisting entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-removing-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#removing-entities">Removing entities</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#join-table-management-when-removing-from-many-to-many-collections">Join-table management when removing from many-to-many collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-performance-of-different-deletion-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#performance-of-different-deletion-strategies">Performance of different deletion strategies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-detaching-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#detaching-entities">Detaching entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronization-with-the-database" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronization-with-the-database">Synchronization with the Database</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#effects-of-database-and-unitofwork-being-out-of-sync">Effects of Database and UnitOfWork being Out-Of-Sync</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-new-and-managed-entities">Synchronizing New and Managed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-synchronizing-removed-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#synchronizing-removed-entities">Synchronizing Removed Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-size-of-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-size-of-a-unit-of-work">The size of a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-the-cost-of-flushing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#the-cost-of-flushing">The cost of flushing</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#direct-access-to-a-unit-of-work">Direct access to a Unit of Work</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-entity-state" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#entity-state">Entity State</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-querying" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#querying">Querying</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-primary-key">By Primary Key</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-simple-conditions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-simple-conditions">By Simple Conditions</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-criteria" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-criteria">By Criteria</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-eager-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-eager-loading">By Eager Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-lazy-loading" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-lazy-loading">By Lazy Loading</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-dql">By DQL</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-by-native-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#by-native-queries">By Native Queries</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-objects-html-custom-repositories" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-objects.html#custom-repositories">Custom Repositories</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html">Working with Associations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-example-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-example-entities">Association Example Entities</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-establishing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#establishing-associations">Establishing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-removing-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#removing-associations">Removing Associations</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-association-management-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#association-management-methods">Association Management Methods</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-synchronizing-bidirectional-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#synchronizing-bidirectional-collections">Synchronizing Bidirectional Collections</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-transitive-persistence-cascade-operations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#transitive-persistence-cascade-operations">Transitive persistence / Cascade Operations</a><ul><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#persistence-by-reachability-cascade-persist">Persistence by Reachability: Cascade Persist</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-orphan-removal" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#orphan-removal">Orphan Removal</a></li><li id="reference-working-with-associations-html-filtering-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/working-with-associations.html#filtering-collections">Filtering Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a><ul><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-defaulttypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#defaulttypedfieldmapper">DefaultTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-typedfieldmapper-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#typedfieldmapper-interface">TypedFieldMapper interface</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-chaintypedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#chaintypedfieldmapper">ChainTypedFieldMapper</a></li><li id="reference-typedfieldmapper-html-implementing-a-typedfieldmapper" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/typedfieldmapper.html#implementing-a-typedfieldmapper">Implementing a TypedFieldMapper</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html">Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-the-event-system" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#the-event-system">The Event System</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-registering-event-handlers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#registering-event-handlers">Registering Event Handlers</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-events-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#events-overview">Events Overview</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-naming-convention" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#naming-convention">Naming convention</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks">Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#lifecycle-callbacks-event-argument">Lifecycle Callbacks Event Argument</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#listening-and-subscribing-to-lifecycle-events">Listening and subscribing to Lifecycle Events</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-implementing-event-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#implementing-event-listeners">Implementing Event Listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#prepersist">prePersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preremove">preRemove</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preflush">preFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onflush">onFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postflush" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postflush">postFlush</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#preupdate">preUpdate</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postupdate-postremove-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postupdate-postremove-postpersist">postUpdate, postRemove, postPersist</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postload">postLoad</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-onclear" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#onclear">onClear</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners">Entity listeners</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-class">Entity listeners class</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-entity-listeners-resolver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#entity-listeners-resolver">Entity listeners resolver</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-events-html-load-classmetadata-event" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#load-classmetadata-event">Load ClassMetadata Event</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-schematool-events" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#schematool-events">SchemaTool Events</a><ul><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschematable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschematable">postGenerateSchemaTable</a></li><li id="reference-events-html-postgenerateschema" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/events.html#postgenerateschema">postGenerateSchema</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html">Doctrine Internals explained</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-keeps-track-of-objects">How Doctrine keeps track of Objects</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-how-doctrine-detects-changes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#how-doctrine-detects-changes">How Doctrine Detects Changes</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-query-internals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#query-internals">Query Internals</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-the-different-orm-layers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#the-different-orm-layers">The different ORM Layers</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-hydration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#hydration">Hydration</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#persisters">Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-unitofwork" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#unitofwork">UnitOfWork</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#resultsetmapping">ResultSetMapping</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-dql-parser" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#dql-parser">DQL Parser</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-sqlwalker" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#sqlwalker">SQLWalker</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-entitymanager" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#entitymanager">EntityManager</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-html-classmetadatafactory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork.html#classmetadatafactory">ClassMetadataFactory</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html">Association Updates: Owning Side and Inverse Side</a><ul><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-bidirectional-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#bidirectional-associations">Bidirectional Associations</a></li><li id="reference-unitofwork-associations-html-important-concepts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/unitofwork-associations.html#important-concepts">Important concepts</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html">Transactions and Concurrency</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#transaction-demarcation">Transaction Demarcation</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-1-implicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-1-implicitly">Approach 1: Implicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-approach-2-explicitly" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#approach-2-explicitly">Approach 2: Explicitly</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-exception-handling" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#exception-handling">Exception Handling</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-locking-support" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#locking-support">Locking Support</a><ul><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-optimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#optimistic-locking">Optimistic Locking</a></li><li id="reference-transactions-and-concurrency-html-pessimistic-locking" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/transactions-and-concurrency.html#pessimistic-locking">Pessimistic Locking</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html">Batch Processing</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-inserts" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-inserts">Bulk Inserts</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-updates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-updates">Bulk Updates</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-update" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-update">DQL UPDATE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-bulk-deletes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#bulk-deletes">Bulk Deletes</a><ul><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-dql-delete" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#dql-delete">DQL DELETE</a></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-results">Iterating results</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-batch-processing-html-iterating-large-results-for-data-processing" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/batch-processing.html#iterating-large-results-for-data-processing">Iterating Large Results for Data-Processing</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html">Doctrine Query Language</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-types-of-dql-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#types-of-dql-queries">Types of DQL queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-queries">SELECT queries</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-clause" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-clause">DQL SELECT clause</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-result-format" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#result-format">Result format</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-joins" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#joins">Joins</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-named-and-positional-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#named-and-positional-parameters">Named and Positional Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-select-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-select-examples">DQL SELECT Examples</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-using-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#using-index-by">Using INDEX BY</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#update-queries">UPDATE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-delete-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#delete-queries">DELETE queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-comments-in-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#comments-in-queries">Comments in queries</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions-operators-aggregates" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions-operators-aggregates">Functions, Operators, Aggregates</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#dql-functions">DQL Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-operators" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-operators">Arithmetic operators</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-functions">Aggregate Functions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#adding-your-own-functions-to-the-dql-language">Adding your own functions to the DQL language</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-querying-inherited-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#querying-inherited-classes">Querying Inherited Classes</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-single-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#single-table">Single Table</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-class-table-inheritance" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#class-table-inheritance">Class Table Inheritance</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-the-query-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#the-query-class">The Query class</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-result-formats">Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-pure-and-mixed-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#pure-and-mixed-results">Pure and Mixed Results</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-fetching-multiple-from-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#fetching-multiple-from-entities">Fetching Multiple FROM Entities</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-hydration-modes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#hydration-modes">Hydration Modes</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-iterating-large-result-sets" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#iterating-large-result-sets">Iterating Large Result Sets</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-ebnf" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#ebnf">EBNF</a><ul><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-document-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#document-syntax">Document syntax:</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-terminals" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#terminals">Terminals</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-query-language" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#query-language">Query Language</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-statements" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#statements">Statements</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-identifiers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-path-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#path-expressions">Path Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-clauses" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#clauses">Clauses</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-items" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#items">Items</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-from-join-and-index-by" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#from-join-and-index-by">From, Join and Index by</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-select-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#select-expressions">Select Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-conditional-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#conditional-expressions">Conditional Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-collection-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#collection-expressions">Collection Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-literal-values" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#literal-values">Literal Values</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-input-parameter" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#input-parameter">Input Parameter</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-arithmetic-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#arithmetic-expressions">Arithmetic Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-scalar-and-type-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#scalar-and-type-expressions">Scalar and Type Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-aggregate-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#aggregate-expressions">Aggregate Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-case-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#case-expressions">Case Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-other-expressions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#other-expressions">Other Expressions</a></li><li id="reference-dql-doctrine-query-language-html-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/dql-doctrine-query-language.html#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html">The QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#constructing-a-new-querybuilder-object">Constructing a new QueryBuilder object</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-working-with-querybuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#working-with-querybuilder">Working with QueryBuilder</a><ul><li id="reference-query-builder-html-high-level-api-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#high-level-api-methods">High level API methods</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-binding-parameters-to-your-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#binding-parameters-to-your-query">Binding parameters to your query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-limiting-the-result" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#limiting-the-result">Limiting the Result</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-executing-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#executing-a-query">Executing a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-the-expr-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#the-expr-class">The Expr class</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-adding-a-criteria-to-a-query" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#adding-a-criteria-to-a-query">Adding a Criteria to a Query</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-low-level-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#low-level-api">Low Level API</a></li><li id="reference-query-builder-html-expr-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/query-builder.html#expr-classes">Expr* classes</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html">Native SQL</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-nativequery-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-nativequery-class">The NativeQuery class</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-resultsetmappingbuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#resultsetmappingbuilder">ResultSetMappingBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-the-resultsetmapping" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#the-resultsetmapping">The ResultSetMapping</a><ul><li id="reference-native-sql-html-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#entity-results">Entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-joined-entity-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#joined-entity-results">Joined entity results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-field-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#field-results">Field results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-scalar-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#scalar-results">Scalar results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-meta-results" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#meta-results">Meta results</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-discriminator-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#discriminator-column">Discriminator Column</a></li><li id="reference-native-sql-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/native-sql.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html">Change Tracking Policies</a><ul><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-implicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-implicit">Deferred Implicit</a></li><li id="reference-change-tracking-policies-html-deferred-explicit" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/change-tracking-policies.html#deferred-explicit">Deferred Explicit</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html">Attributes Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">Index</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#reference">Reference</a><ul><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-associationoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#associationoverride">#[AssociationOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-attributeoverride" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#attributeoverride">#[AttributeOverride]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-column" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#column">#[Column]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#cache">#[Cache]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-changetrackingpolicy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#changetrackingpolicy">#[ChangeTrackingPolicy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-customidgenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#customidgenerator">#[CustomIdGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatorcolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatorcolumn">#[DiscriminatorColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-discriminatormap" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#discriminatormap">#[DiscriminatorMap]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embeddable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embeddable">#[Embeddable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-embedded" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#embedded">#[Embedded]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#entity">#[Entity]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-generatedvalue" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#generatedvalue">#[GeneratedValue]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-haslifecyclecallbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#haslifecyclecallbacks">#[HasLifecycleCallbacks]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-index" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#index">#[Index]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-id" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#id">#[Id]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-inheritancetype" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#inheritancetype">#[InheritanceType]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-joincolumn-inversejoincolumn" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#joincolumn-inversejoincolumn">#[JoinColumn], #[InverseJoinColumn]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-jointable" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#jointable">#[JoinTable]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytoone">#[ManyToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-manytomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#manytomany">#[ManyToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-mappedsuperclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#mappedsuperclass">#[MappedSuperclass]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetoone" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetoone">#[OneToOne]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-onetomany" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#onetomany">#[OneToMany]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-orderby" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#orderby">#[OrderBy]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postload" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postload">#[PostLoad]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postpersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postpersist">#[PostPersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postremove">#[PostRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-postupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#postupdate">#[PostUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-prepersist" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#prepersist">#[PrePersist]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preremove" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preremove">#[PreRemove]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-preupdate" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#preupdate">#[PreUpdate]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-sequencegenerator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#sequencegenerator">#[SequenceGenerator]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#table">#[Table]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-uniqueconstraint" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#uniqueconstraint">#[UniqueConstraint]</a></li><li id="reference-attributes-reference-html-version" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/attributes-reference.html#version">#[Version]</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html">XML Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-simplified-xml-driver" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#simplified-xml-driver">Simplified XML Driver</a><ul><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-example" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#example">Example</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-xml-element-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#xml-element-reference">XML-Element Reference</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-an-entity">Defining an Entity</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-fields">Defining Fields</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-identity-and-generator-strategies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-identity-and-generator-strategies">Defining Identity and Generator Strategies</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-a-mapped-superclass" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-a-mapped-superclass">Defining a Mapped Superclass</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-inheritance-mappings" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-inheritance-mappings">Defining Inheritance Mappings</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-lifecycle-callbacks" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-lifecycle-callbacks">Defining Lifecycle Callbacks</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-one-relations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-one-relations">Defining One-To-One Relations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-one-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-one-associations">Defining Many-To-One Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-one-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-one-to-many-associations">Defining One-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-many-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-many-to-many-associations">Defining Many-To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-cascade-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#cascade-element">Cascade Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-join-column-element" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#join-column-element">Join Column Element</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-order-of-to-many-associations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-order-of-to-many-associations">Defining Order of To-Many Associations</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#defining-indexes-or-unique-constraints">Defining Indexes or Unique Constraints</a></li><li id="reference-xml-mapping-html-derived-entities-id-syntax" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/xml-mapping.html#derived-entities-id-syntax">Derived Entities ID syntax</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html">PHP Mapping</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-static-function" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#static-function">Static Function</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadatabuilder" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadatabuilder">ClassMetadataBuilder</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-classmetadata-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#classmetadata-api">ClassMetadata API</a><ul><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-setters">General Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-setters">Inheritance Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-mapping-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-mapping-setters">Field Mapping Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-setters">Lifecycle Callback Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-versioning-setters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#versioning-setters">Versioning Setters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-general-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#general-getters">General Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-identifier-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#identifier-getters">Identifier Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-inheritance-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#inheritance-getters">Inheritance Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-change-tracking-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#change-tracking-getters">Change Tracking Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-field-association-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#field-association-getters">Field & Association Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-lifecycle-callback-getters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#lifecycle-callback-getters">Lifecycle Callback Getters</a></li><li id="reference-php-mapping-html-runtime-reflection-methods" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/php-mapping.html#runtime-reflection-methods">Runtime reflection methods</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html">Caching</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-types-of-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#types-of-caches">Types of Caches</a><ul><li id="reference-caching-html-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#query-cache">Query Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-result-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#result-cache">Result Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-metadata-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#metadata-cache">Metadata Cache</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-caching-html-clearing-the-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#clearing-the-cache">Clearing the Cache</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-chaining" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-chaining">Cache Chaining</a></li><li id="reference-caching-html-cache-slams" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/caching.html#cache-slams">Cache Slams</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html">Improving Performance</a><ul><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-bytecode-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#bytecode-cache">Bytecode Cache</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-metadata-and-query-caches" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#metadata-and-query-caches">Metadata and Query caches</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-alternative-query-result-formats" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#alternative-query-result-formats">Alternative Query Result Formats</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-read-only-entities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#read-only-entities">Read-Only Entities</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-extra-lazy-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#extra-lazy-collections">Extra-Lazy Collections</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#temporarily-change-fetch-mode-in-dql">Temporarily change fetch mode in DQL</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-apply-best-practices" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#apply-best-practices">Apply Best Practices</a></li><li id="reference-improving-performance-html-change-tracking-policies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/improving-performance.html#change-tracking-policies">Change Tracking policies</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html">Tools</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-doctrine-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#doctrine-console">Doctrine Console</a><ul><li id="reference-tools-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting Up the Console</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-display-help-information" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#display-help-information">Display Help Information</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-command-overview" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#command-overview">Command Overview</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-tools-html-database-schema-generation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#database-schema-generation">Database Schema Generation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#runtime-vs-development-mapping-validation">Runtime vs Development Mapping Validation</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-adding-own-commands" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#adding-own-commands">Adding own commands</a></li><li id="reference-tools-html-re-use-console-application" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/tools.html#re-use-console-application">Re-use console application</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html">Metadata Drivers</a><ul><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-core-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#core-metadata-drivers">Core Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-implementing-metadata-drivers" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#implementing-metadata-drivers">Implementing Metadata Drivers</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-classmetadata" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#classmetadata">ClassMetadata</a></li><li id="reference-metadata-drivers-html-getting-classmetadata-instances" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/metadata-drivers.html#getting-classmetadata-instances">Getting ClassMetadata Instances</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html">Best Practices</a><ul><li id="reference-best-practices-html-constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#constrain-relationships-as-much-as-possible">Constrain relationships as much as possible</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-avoid-composite-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#avoid-composite-keys">Avoid composite keys</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-events-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-events-judiciously">Use events judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-cascades-judiciously" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-cascades-judiciously">Use cascades judiciously</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-special-characters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-special-characters">Don't use special characters</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-use-identifier-quoting" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-use-identifier-quoting">Don't use identifier quoting</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-initialize-collections-in-the-constructor" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#initialize-collections-in-the-constructor">Initialize collections in the constructor</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#don-t-map-foreign-keys-to-fields-in-an-entity">Don't map foreign keys to fields in an entity</a></li><li id="reference-best-practices-html-use-explicit-transaction-demarcation" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/best-practices.html#use-explicit-transaction-demarcation">Use explicit transaction demarcation</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html">Limitations and Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-current-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#current-limitations">Current Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-join-columns-with-non-primary-keys" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#join-columns-with-non-primary-keys">Join-Columns with non-primary keys</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-arrays-to-a-join-table">Mapping Arrays to a Join Table</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-custom-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#custom-persisters">Custom Persisters</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-persist-keys-of-collections" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#persist-keys-of-collections">Persist Keys of Collections</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-many-tables-to-one-entity">Mapping many tables to one entity</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-behaviors" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#behaviors">Behaviors</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-nested-set" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#nested-set">Nested Set</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-using-traits-in-entity-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#using-traits-in-entity-classes">Using Traits in Entity Classes</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mapping-multiple-private-fields-of-the-same-name">Mapping multiple private fields of the same name</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-known-issues" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#known-issues">Known Issues</a><ul><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#identifier-quoting-and-legacy-databases">Identifier Quoting and Legacy Databases</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#microsoft-sql-server-and-doctrine-datetime">Microsoft SQL Server and Doctrine "datetime"</a></li><li id="reference-limitations-and-known-issues-html-mysql-with-myisam-tables" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/limitations-and-known-issues.html#mysql-with-myisam-tables">MySQL with MyISAM tables</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="pagination-html" class="toc-item"><a href="pagination.html">Pagination</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html">Filters</a><ul><li id="reference-filters-html-example-filter-class" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#example-filter-class">Example filter class</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#configuration">Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#disabling-enabling-filters-and-setting-parameters">Disabling/Enabling Filters and Setting Parameters</a></li><li id="reference-filters-html-suspending-restoring-filters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/filters.html#suspending-restoring-filters">Suspending/Restoring Filters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html">Implementing a NamingStrategy</a><ul><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-configuring-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#configuring-a-naming-strategy">Configuring a naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-underscore-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#underscore-naming-strategy">Underscore naming strategy</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-naming-strategy-interface" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#naming-strategy-interface">Naming strategy interface</a></li><li id="reference-namingstrategy-html-implementing-a-naming-strategy" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/namingstrategy.html#implementing-a-naming-strategy">Implementing a naming strategy</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html">Advanced Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-doctrine-and-caching" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#doctrine-and-caching">Doctrine and Caching</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-configuration-options" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#configuration-options">Configuration Options</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-directory-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-directory-required">Proxy Directory (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-namespace-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-namespace-required">Proxy Namespace (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-driver-required" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-driver-required">Metadata Driver (***REQUIRED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-metadata-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#metadata-cache-recommended">Metadata Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-query-cache-recommended" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#query-cache-recommended">Query Cache (***RECOMMENDED***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-sql-logger-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#sql-logger-optional">SQL Logger (***Optional***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#auto-generating-proxy-classes-optional">Auto-generating Proxy Classes (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-development-vs-production-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#development-vs-production-configuration">Development vs Production Configuration</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-connection" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#connection">Connection</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-proxy-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#proxy-objects">Proxy Objects</a><ul><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-reference-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#reference-proxies">Reference Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-association-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#association-proxies">Association proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-generating-proxy-classes" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#generating-proxy-classes">Generating Proxy classes</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-autoloading-proxies" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#autoloading-proxies">Autoloading Proxies</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-multiple-metadata-sources" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#multiple-metadata-sources">Multiple Metadata Sources</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-default-repository-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#default-repository-optional">Default Repository (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-ignoring-entities-optional" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#ignoring-entities-optional">Ignoring entities (***OPTIONAL***)</a></li><li id="reference-advanced-configuration-html-setting-up-the-console" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/advanced-configuration.html#setting-up-the-console">Setting up the Console</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html">The Second Level Cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-regions">Caching Regions</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-regions" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-regions">Cache Regions</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-region">Cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-concurrent-cache-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#concurrent-cache-region">Concurrent cache region</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-timestamp-region" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#timestamp-region">Timestamp region</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-caching-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#caching-mode">Caching mode</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-built-in-cached-persisters" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#built-in-cached-persisters">Built-in cached persisters</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-configuration" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#configuration">Configuration</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-enable-second-level-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#enable-second-level-cache">Enable Second Level Cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-factory" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-factory">Cache Factory</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-region-lifetime" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#region-lifetime">Region Lifetime</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-log" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-log">Cache Log</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-entity-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#entity-cache-definition">Entity cache definition</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-association-cache-definition" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#association-cache-definition">Association cache definition</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-usage">Cache usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-query-cache">Using the query cache</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-mode" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-mode">Cache mode</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-delete-update-queries" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#delete-update-queries">DELETE / UPDATE queries</a></li></ul></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-using-the-repository-query-cache" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#using-the-repository-query-cache">Using the repository query cache</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-cache-api" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#cache-api">Cache API</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-limitations" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#limitations">Limitations</a><ul><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-composite-primary-key" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#composite-primary-key">Composite primary key</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-distributed-environments" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#distributed-environments">Distributed environments</a></li><li id="reference-second-level-cache-html-paginator" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/second-level-cache.html#paginator">Paginator</a></li></ul></li></ul></li><li id="reference-security-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html">Security</a><ul><li id="reference-security-html-user-input-and-doctrine-orm" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#user-input-and-doctrine-orm">User input and Doctrine ORM</a></li><li id="reference-security-html-preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities" class="toc-item"><a href="../reference/security.html#preventing-mass-assignment-vulnerabilities">Preventing Mass Assignment Vulnerabilities</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
 </div>
 <div class="toc-section"><h2 class="toc-header">Cookbook</h2>
 <div class="toc"><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html">Aggregate Fields</a><ul><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-an-example-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#an-example-model">An example model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-dql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-dql">Using DQL</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-your-domain-model" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-your-domain-model">Using your Domain Model</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-using-an-aggregate-field" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#using-an-aggregate-field">Using an Aggregate Field</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#tackling-race-conditions-with-aggregate-fields">Tackling Race Conditions with Aggregate Fields</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#keeping-updates-and-deletes-in-sync">Keeping Updates and Deletes in Sync</a></li><li id="cookbook-aggregate-fields-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/aggregate-fields.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/custom-mapping-types.html">Custom Mapping Types</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html">Persisting the Decorator Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-component" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#component">Component</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretecomponent" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretecomponent">ConcreteComponent</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-decorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#decorator">Decorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-concretedecorator" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#concretedecorator">ConcreteDecorator</a></li><li id="cookbook-decorator-pattern-html-examples" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/decorator-pattern.html#examples">Examples</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html">Extending DQL in Doctrine ORM: Custom AST Walkers</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-generic-count-query-for-pagination" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#generic-count-query-for-pagination">Generic count query for pagination</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-custom-walkers-html-modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-custom-walkers.html#modify-the-output-walker-to-generate-vendor-specific-sql">Modify the Output Walker to generate Vendor specific SQL</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html">DQL User Defined Functions</a><ul><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-registering-your-own-dql-functions" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#registering-your-own-dql-functions">Registering your own DQL functions</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-diff" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-diff">Date Diff</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-date-add" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#date-add">Date Add</a></li><li id="cookbook-dql-user-defined-functions-html-conclusion" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/dql-user-defined-functions.html#conclusion">Conclusion</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html">Implementing ArrayAccess for Domain Objects</a><ul><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-1" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-1">Option 1</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-option-2" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#option-2">Option 2</a></li><li id="cookbook-implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects-html-read-only" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/implementing-arrayaccess-for-domain-objects.html#read-only">Read-only</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html">Keeping your Modules independent</a><ul><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-background" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#background">Background</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-set-up" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#set-up">Set up</a></li><li id="cookbook-resolve-target-entity-listener-html-final-thoughts" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/resolve-target-entity-listener.html#final-thoughts">Final Thoughts</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html">SQL-Table Prefixes</a><ul><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-implementing-the-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#implementing-the-listener">Implementing the listener</a></li><li id="cookbook-sql-table-prefixes-html-telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/sql-table-prefixes.html#telling-the-entitymanager-about-our-listener">Telling the EntityManager about our listener</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html">Strategy-Pattern</a><ul><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-scenario-problem" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#scenario-problem">Scenario / Problem</a></li><li id="cookbook-strategy-cookbook-introduction-html-solution" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/strategy-cookbook-introduction.html#solution">Solution</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-validation-of-entities-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/validation-of-entities.html">Validation of Entities</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html">Working with DateTime Instances</a><ul><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#datetime-changes-are-detected-by-reference">DateTime changes are detected by Reference</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-default-timezone-gotcha" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#default-timezone-gotcha">Default Timezone Gotcha</a></li><li id="cookbook-working-with-datetime-html-handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/working-with-datetime.html#handling-different-timezones-with-the-datetime-type">Handling different Timezones with the DateTime Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html">Mysql Enums</a><ul><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-1-mapping-to-varchars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-1-mapping-to-varchars">Solution 1: Mapping to Varchars</a></li><li id="cookbook-mysql-enums-html-solution-2-defining-a-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/mysql-enums.html#solution-2-defining-a-type">Solution 2: Defining a Type</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html">Advanced field value conversion using custom mapping types</a><ul><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-entity">The entity</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-the-mapping-type" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#the-mapping-type">The mapping type</a></li><li id="cookbook-advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types-html-example-usage" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/advanced-field-value-conversion-using-custom-mapping-types.html#example-usage">Example usage</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html">Entities in the Session</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-updating-an-entity" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#updating-an-entity">Updating an entity</a><ul><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-scalars" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-scalars">Working with scalars</a></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#working-with-custom-data-transfer-objects">Working with custom data transfer objects</a></li></ul></li><li id="cookbook-entities-in-session-html-serializing-entity-into-the-session" class="toc-item"><a href="../cookbook/entities-in-session.html#serializing-entity-into-the-session">Serializing entity into the session</a></li></ul></li></ul></div>
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index b313017560d..f92d161232c 100644
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@@ -301,7 +301,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index 0bd9f223c7c..9bc35e1c912 100644
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index e5104883af6..bbbf390fb00 100644
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@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index e0814393abf..b0f57e39603 100644
--- a/projects/instantiator.html
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@@ -338,15 +338,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index fd1601bd72a..febc5c9f777 100644
--- a/projects/lexer.html
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@@ -339,15 +339,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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                 <tr>
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                 <tr>
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index 3e7af3198c3..52b7b6e01f7 100644
--- a/projects/migrations.html
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@@ -497,15 +497,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
                 </tr>
                 <tr>
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index a4bf79dd58b..6c179b2ae07 100644
--- a/projects/mongodb-odm.html
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@@ -383,15 +383,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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diff --git a/projects/orm.html b/projects/orm.html
index 3f3f12c67b2..4da4c05b47a 100644
--- a/projects/orm.html
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@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index e047d24dc97..098e9583815 100644
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@@ -427,15 +427,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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diff --git a/projects/phpcr-odm.html b/projects/phpcr-odm.html
index eb996d3fb6e..7948eff664e 100644
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@@ -387,15 +387,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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diff --git a/projects/reflection.html b/projects/reflection.html
index 84e37c6d63e..d5b36b42eb1 100644
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@@ -305,15 +305,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index 30ef8d88c29..9423510494d 100644
--- a/projects/rst-parser.html
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@@ -361,15 +361,15 @@ <h2>Statistics</h2>
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index 50cda20ed43..d7f99372e6b 100644
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diff --git a/sitemap.xml b/sitemap.xml
index e140f731f85..da1abdde8fc 100644
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diff --git a/website-data/projects.json b/website-data/projects.json
index 944c3e8df28..f116630dd2a 100644
--- a/website-data/projects.json
+++ b/website-data/projects.json
@@ -4207,12 +4207,12 @@
                 "github_forks": 241,
                 "github_open_issues": 30,
                 "language": "PHP",
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@@ -12796,6 +12796,92 @@
                             "source": "https://github.com/doctrine/collections/tree/3.0.x"
                         }
                     },
+                    "2.2.x-dev": {
+                        "name": "doctrine/collections",
+                        "description": "PHP Doctrine Collections library that adds additional functionality on top of PHP arrays.",
+                        "keywords": [
+                            "collections",
+                            "php",
+                            "array",
+                            "iterators"
+                        ],
+                        "homepage": "https://www.doctrine-project.org/projects/collections.html",
+                        "version": "2.2.x-dev",
+                        "version_normalized": "2.2.9999999.9999999-dev",
+                        "license": [
+                            "MIT"
+                        ],
+                        "authors": [
+                            {
+                                "name": "Guilherme Blanco",
+                                "email": "guilhermeblanco@gmail.com"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name": "Roman Borschel",
+                                "email": "roman@code-factory.org"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name": "Benjamin Eberlei",
+                                "email": "kontakt@beberlei.de"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name": "Jonathan Wage",
+                                "email": "jonwage@gmail.com"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "name": "Johannes Schmitt",
+                                "email": "schmittjoh@gmail.com"
+                            }
+                        ],
+                        "source": {
+                            "url": "https://github.com/doctrine/collections.git",
+                            "type": "git",
+                            "reference": "bdba62b690650fd5b3ae29067e464a1270fb04b6"
+                        },
+                        "dist": {
+                            "url": "https://api.github.com/repos/doctrine/collections/zipball/bdba62b690650fd5b3ae29067e464a1270fb04b6",
+                            "type": "zip",
+                            "shasum": "",
+                            "reference": "bdba62b690650fd5b3ae29067e464a1270fb04b6"
+                        },
+                        "type": "library",
+                        "funding": [
+                            {
+                                "url": "https://www.doctrine-project.org/sponsorship.html",
+                                "type": "custom"
+                            },
+                            {
+                                "url": "https://www.patreon.com/phpdoctrine",
+                                "type": "patreon"
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